Fri Nov 03 2023

76 articles - From Friday Oct 27 2023 to Friday Nov 03 2023

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Guidelines

Guidelines and related publications, position statements, white papers, technical reviews, consensus statements, etc…

Am J Gastroenterol

Letter to the Editor in Response to ACG Guidelines Update: Diagnosis and Management of Celiac Disease.

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Gastrointest Endosc

Practical steps to green your endoscopy unit: how to get started.

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Meta-analysis

meta-analyses and systematic reviews

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

Systematic review and meta-analysis: Foods, drinks and diets and their effect on chronic constipation in adults.

Fruits and rye bread may improve certain constipation-related outcomes. There is a scarcity of evidence on foods, drinks and diets in constipation and further RCTs are needed.

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Gut

Novel prognostic biomarkers in decompensated cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Novel biomarkers, including IL-6, uNGAL and copeptin, can probably improve prognostication of patients with decompensated cirrhosis compared with MELD alone.

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Original articles

RCT, clinical trials, retrospective studies, etc…

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk profile of patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with tenofovir alafenamide or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for 96 weeks.

Despite on-treatment differences in lipid profiles with TAF and TDF, predicted cardiovascular risk and clinical events were similar for both groups after 96 weeks.

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Increased spine bone density in patients with chronic hepatitis B switched to tenofovir alafenamide: A prospective, multinational study.

At 24 months after the switch to TAF, VR rates and spine bone density improved significantly while renal function remained stable.

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Open-label, clinical trial extension: Two-year safety and efficacy results of seladelpar in patients with primary biliary cholangitis.

Seladelpar was safe, and markedly improved biochemical markers of cholestasis and liver injury in patients with PBC. These effects were maintained or improved throughout the second year. NCT03301506; Clinicaltrialsregister.eu 2017-003910-16.

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Am J Gastroenterol

Optimizing the Management Algorithm for Esophageal Dysphagia After Index Endoscopy: Cost-Effectiveness and Cost-Minimization Analysis.

Aligning with practice guidelines, routine esophageal motility testing seems cost saving to patients and insurers compared with nonalgorithmic usual care to evaluate nonstructural/mechanical dysphagia. Choice of testing should be guided by index of suspicion.

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Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol

BENEFITS OF PROKINETICS, GASTROPARESIS DIET, OR NEUROMODULATORS ALONE OR IN COMBINATION FOR SYMPTOMS OF GASTROPARESIS.

Initiating prokinetics as solo new therapy had little benefit for patients with symptoms of gastroparesis. Neuromodulators as the only new therapy decreased symptoms other than nausea and vomiting, especially with non-delayed gastric emptying. Adding gastroparesis diets or neuromodulators to prokinetics offered relief, suggesting that combination therapies may be more useful in managing these patients. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02022826).

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Effect of real-time computer-aided polyp detection system (ENDO-AID) on adenoma detection in endoscopists-in-training: a randomized trial.

Among endoscopists-in-training, the use of CADe during colonoscopies was associated with increased overall ADR. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04838951).

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Health-related Quality of Life in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Prospective Multi-center UK Study.

Patients with NAFLD, even those without advanced fibrosis, have worse HRQoL compared with the general population. In patients with NAFLD without advanced fibrosis, HRQoL is independently associated with non-liver comorbidities but not LS. Multi-disciplinary management is therefore required in NAFLD, irrespective of fibrosis severity.

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Histological activity in inflammatory bowel disease and risk of serious infections: A nationwide study.

Histological inflammation of IBD was an independent risk factor of serious infections, including sepsis, suggesting that achieving histological remission may reduce infections in IBD.

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Gastroenterology

An NFATc1/SMAD3/cJUN complex restricted to SMAD4-deficient pancreatic cancer guides rational therapies.

Our results suggest that PDAC characterized by SMAD4 deficiency and oncogenic NFATc1/SMAD3/cJUN complex formation exposes sensitivity to a MEKi/gemcitabine combination therapy.

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Gastrointest Endosc

A Composite Score of Physiomechanical Esophageal Function Using Functional Lumen Imaging Probe Panometry in Eosinophilic Esophagitis.

This composite score of FLIP Panometry metrics, the C2D2 score, may facilitate characterizing physiomechanical function in EoE and serve as an objective outcome measure.

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Impact of Endoscopic Ultrasound in Unresectable Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma patients in Liver Transplantation work-up.

Our current EUS screening for the detection of malignant LN in patients with pCCA eligible for LT shows a limited but clinically important yield. EUS with systematic screening of al LN stations, both regional and non-regional and sampling of 'suspicious' lymph nodes according to defined and set criteria could potentially increase this yield.

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Un-tutored training pathway to achieve competence in esophago-gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection in a Western center.

Un-tutored training for esophago-gastric ESD is feasible and allows endoscopists, experienced in therapeutic endoscopy, to achieve the required standards towards competency.

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Gut

IL-20 controls resolution of experimental colitis by regulating epithelial IFN/STAT2 signalling.

IL-20 controls colitis and mucosal healing by interfering with the IFN/STAT2 death signalling pathway in IECs. These results indicate new directions for suppressing gut inflammation by modulating IL-20-controlled STAT2 signals.

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Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and risk of cardiovascular disease.

Over one-third of Korean adults have MASLD/related SLD and bear a high CVD risk.

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Reducing scope 3 carbon emissions in gastrointestinal endoscopy: results of the prospective study of the 'Green Endoscopy Project Würzburg'.

Use of fewer instruments per procedure, recycling packaging material and switching to alternative products can reduce carbon emissions without impairing the endoscopic workflow.

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Hepatology

Etiology-independent activation of the LTß-LTßR-RELB axis drives aggressiveness and predicts poor prognosis in Hepatocellular carcinoma.

This study demonstrates a prognostically relevant, etiology-independent and cross-species consistent activation of a LTß/LTßR/RELB axis in hepatocarcinogenesis. These observations may harbor broad implications for HCC, including possible clinical exploitation.

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Further decompensation in cirrhosis. Results of a large multicenter cohort study supporting Baveno VII statements.

In cirrhosis, further decompensation occurs in approximately 60% of patients, significantly increases mortality, and should be considered a more advanced stage of decompensated cirrhosis.

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The chemokine CXCL14 is a novel early prognostic biomarker for poor outcome in acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure.

We find in two independent cohorts of APAP overdose patients that circulating CXCL14 concentration is a novel early prognostic biomarker for poor outcome which may aid in guiding decisions regarding patient management. Moreover, our findings reveal that CXCL14 performs best when measured soon after patient presentation to the clinic, highlighting its importance for early warning of poor prognosis.

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J Hepatol

Balance of Gata3 and Ramp2 in hepatocytes regulates hepatic vascular reconstitution in postoperative liver regeneration.

The balance of Gata3 and Ramp2 in hepatocytes regulated the proliferation of LSECs and hepatic revascularization via shifting PEDF to VEGFA, which provided potential targets for the prevention and treatment of PHLF. Impact and implications In this study, we revealed a novel mechanism that the balance of Gata3 and Ramp2 in hepatocyte regulated hepatic vascular reconstitution via shifting PEDF to VEGFA during hepatectomy- or ALLPS-induced liver regeneration. We also identified serum PEDF/VEGFA index (SPVI) as a potential predictor for post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) in patients who underwent hepatectomy. This study will provide a better understanding on how hepatocytes contribute to liver regeneration and new targets for the prevention and treatment of PHLF.

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Circadian dysfunction induces NAFLD-related human liver cancer in a mouse model.

Chronic circadian dysfunction is an independent carcinogen to human hepatocytes. Mice with humanized livers provide a powerful preclinical model for studying the impact of the necrotic-inflammatory liver environment and neuroendocrine circadian dysfunction in hepatocarcinogenesis and anti-HCC therapy. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS-2 Human epidemiological studies have linked chronic circadian dysfunction to increased HCC risk, but direct evidence that circadian dysfunction is a human carcinogen has not been established. Here we show that circadian dysfunction induces nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related carcinogenesis from human hepatocytes in a murine humanized liver model following the same molecular and pathologic pathways observed in human patients. The gene expression signatures of humanized HCC transcriptomes from circadian disrupted mice closely match those of human HCC with the poorest prognostic outcomes, while those from stably circadian entrained mice match those from human HCC with the best prognostic outcomes. Our studies open a new model for defining to the mechanism of NASH-related HCC and highlight the importance of circadian biology in HCC prevention and treatment.

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Hepatocellular carcinoma risk in Sub-Saharan African and Afro-Surinamese individuals with chronic hepatitis B living in Europe.

This unique international multicenter cohort of SSA and AS individuals with CHB showed a 5 and 10 year cumulative HCC risk of 1% and 2.4%. The risk of HCC was negligible for individuals without advanced fibrosis at baseline, and among individuals with low baseline (m)PAGE-B scores. These findings can be used to guide HCC surveillance strategies. Impact and implications Sub-Sahara African ethnicity has been associated with a higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among individuals with chronic hepatitis B. In this international multicenter cohort study of sub- Saharan African and Afro-Surinamese individuals living with chronic hepatitis B in Europe, we found a 5 and 10 year cumulative incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma of 1% and 2.4%. The risk was negligible among individuals without advanced fibrosis and a low baseline (m)PAGE-B score. These findings can be used to guide HCC surveillance strategies in this population.

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SIRT5 rs12216101 T>G variant is associated with liver damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

SIRT5 rs12216101 T>G variant, heightening SIRT5 activity, is associated with liver damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress in NAFLD patients. Impact and implications In this study we discovered that the SIRT5 rs12216101 T>G variant is associated with higher disease severity in NAFLD patients. This risk variant determines SIRT5 gain-of-function, enhancing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and thus leading to oxidative stress. SIRT5 may represent a novel disease modulator in NAFLD.

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Reviews&Editorials

Plenty of the editorials are available as full text through the publisher website using the provided link

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

Editorial: Can liver fat quantification stratify cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes?

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Editorial: HBsAg seroclearance after pegylated interferon treatment-The beginning of the end.

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Editorial: Noninvasive tests for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: A refinement of the Nash-FibroTest for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Editorial: PPIs and gastric cancer-Are we dealing with a carcinogen?

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Editorial: The role of point-of-care echocardiography for assessing cirrhotic cardiomyopathy and predicting clinical outcomes in acute-on-chronic liver failure with severe sepsis.

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Gastroenterology

Quantifying Endoscopic Activity in Ulcerative Colitis: Innovation, Powered by AI.

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Gut

Getting off tract: contributions of intraorgan microbiota to cancer in extraintestinal organs.

These habitats are challenging to sample, and their low microbial biomass among large amounts of host tissue can make study challenging. Nevertheless, recent findings have shown that many extraintestinal organs that are intimately linked to the gut harbour stable microbiomes, which are colonised from the gut in selective manners and have highlighted not just the influence of the bacteriome but that of the mycobiome and virome on oncogenesis and health.

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J Hepatol

Adeno-associated viruses for gene therapy - clinical implications and liver related complications, a guide for hepatologists.

The liver community is increasingly being asked to support liver-directed gene therapy to mitigate potential liver associated harm. In this review, we focus on AAV-vector based gene therapy shedding light on this promising technique, its remarkable success in hemophilia gene therapy with a special focus on the hepatic complications and their management in daily clinical practice.

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Miscellaneous

misc publications eg case reports, tools of the trade, images of the month, etc…

Am J Gastroenterol

Calendar of Courses, Symposiums and Conferences.

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Randomized Controlled Trials for Helicobacter pylori Infection: What We Should Compare.

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Response to Andrew et al.

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Response to Fahey et al.

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The Role of Intestinal Ultrasound During Pregnancy in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

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Thinking of the Long Puzzling Issue of Several Suboptimal Treatments of Helicobacter pylori Infection.

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Endoscopy

A neuroendocrine tumor improper for ligation with suction was resected en bloc by underwater endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Pubmed   Journal   ReadQx   PMC

A unique case of well-differentiated gastric-type adenocarcinoma coexisting with a gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland in a Helicobacter pylori-uninfected stomach.

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An unexpected gastric submucosal mass-like lesion.

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Convergence of endobariatrics and endohepatology for evaluation and treatment of obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Pubmed   Journal   ReadQx   PMC

Detection of Barrett's dysplasia using forceps biopsies vs. wide-area transepithelial sampling.

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Endoscopy E-Videos - recently published.

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Re: A novel salvage method to recapture the maldeployed distal flange of a lumen-apposing metal stent.

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Surfing the AI wave: Insights and challenges.

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Gastrointest Endosc

Cryotherapy for treatment of large non-lifting polyp at rectal anastomosis.

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Gut

Advancing with cancer immunotherapeutics: CD29+ regulatory T cell antagonism.

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Beyond a liver-gut focus: the evolution of gastroenterology and hepatology in challenging the obesity and steatotic liver disease paradigm.

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CD39 deletion in TCR-engineered T cells enhances antitumour immunity.

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Dietary fibre (and animal products) modulate the association between tryptophan intake, gut microbiota and type 2 diabetes: but how?

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GORD and GLP-1 receptor agonists: an emerging concern for gastroenterologists.

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More than shots in the dark: improving patient stratification to move closer to personalised therapies in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

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Pleiotropic role of NOTUM in colorectal cancer.

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Hepatology

Letter to the Editor: Cautious interpretation of the association between finite treatment and better prognosis in initially HBeAg-negative hepatitis B patients with cirrhosis.

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Letter to the Editor: Recognizing the new nomenclature requires a comprehensive analysis of the prevalence, severity, and long-term outlook for SLD and subclassifications.

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Reply: "How to define the futile outcome in patients undergoing surgery for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma".

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Reply: Cautious interpretation of the association between finite treatment and better prognosis in initially HBeAg-negative hepatitis B patients with cirrhosis.

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Reply: Recognizing the new nomenclature requires a comprehensive analysis of the prevalence severity, and long-term outlook for SLD and subclassifications.

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Letters&Replies

Letters to the editors and authors’ replies

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

Editorial: Can liver fat quantification stratify cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes? Authors' reply.

Pubmed   Journal   ReadQx 

Editorial: HBsAg seroclearance after pegylated interferon treatment-The beginning of the end. Authors' reply.

Pubmed   Journal   ReadQx 

Editorial: PPIs and gastric cancer - Are we dealing with a carcinogen? Authors' reply.

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Letter: 'No first among equals'.

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Letter: A step forward towards a standard FMT protocol for IBS.

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Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol

Response to a Letter to the Editor by M.J. Warners and A.J. Bredenoord, concerning the article "Efficacy of Elimination Diets in Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis".

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Gastroenterology

Which is more clinically relevant: end-of-treatment or off-treatment predictors of hepatitis B relapse and surface antigen loss?

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Gut

Helicobacter pylori infection alters gut virome by expanding temperate phages linked to increased risk of colorectal cancer.

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Inhibition of YTHDF1 by salvianolic acid overcomes gluten-induced intestinal inflammation.

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J Hepatol

"Further decompensation should now be used as a clinically relevant outcome ".

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'One-stop-shop' does not mean one size fits all.

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5-MTHF enhances the portal pressure reduction achieved with propranolol in patients with cirrhosis: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Was an accurate statistical analysis performed?

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Evaluation of metabolic dysfunction-Associated Steatotic liver disease (MASLD) terminology in different clinical settings.

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MASLD vs. NAFLD: a better definition for children with obesity at higher risk of kidney damage.

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Methodological Challenges in Studying Immune-Suppressive Neutrophils in HCC Models.

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